A few
Few
修饰不可数名词
A little
Little
例如:
I have a few apples. But I have little water in my bottle. Mary has a little water but she has few pears.
6.people/person/ human
people表示“人、人们”,只用单数形式,但表示复数意义;person(=a man,woman or child)是“人”的普通说法,其复数形式通常用people代之;human意思是“人、人类”,以区别于动物、鬼神之类,其复数形式为humans。例如:
The young person is a policeman. 那个年轻人是个警察。
A lot of people speak English. 许多人说英语。
That was the beginning of the life of humans. 那就是人类生活的开始。
学构词法
在英语中,构词方法有三种,即合成、派生和转换。
一、合成
把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法就叫做合成。如:
class + room→classroom every + body→everybody
black + board→blackboard news + paper→newspaper
二、派生
在一个单词前或后加一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词法叫做派生。词缀有两种,加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。如:
friend→friendly good→goodness
三、转换
将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类,叫做转换。如:
use由动词“使用”转义为名词“用途”
slow由形容词“慢的”转义为动词“放慢”
[练习]
一、判断下面每组词是否属同一种构词方法,属同一种构词方法的打“√”,反之打“×”。
( )l. children computer interesting
( )2. keyboard playhouse raincoat
( )3. moonlight supermarket foggy
( )4. mouth-to-mouth get-together daytime
二、根据构词法,用所给词构成另一个新词:
1. health_____ 2.metre_____ 3.use_____
4.write_____ 5.birth_____ 6.sun_____
7.art_____ 8.business_____ 9.play_____
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Keys:
一、1. √ 2. √ 3. ×
二、1. healthy 2. kilometer 3. useful/useless 4. writer 5. birthday 6. sunlight/sunny 7. artist 8. businessman/businesswoman 9. player/playground
疑难解析
1.Mrs.Jones’ house was robbed last night.昨晚琼斯夫人家遭抢劫了。
本句是被动语态,rob是及物动词,意思是“抢劫,盗取”。was robbed是被动语态,它的结构是:be + 过去分词。如果说“抢劫某人的东西”,则用句型:rob sb. of sth.如:
They robbed the bank last night. 昨晚他们抢劫了银行。
The robber robbed the man of his money. 强盗抢走了那人的钱。
The woman's bag was robbed by a young man. 那个妇女的包被一个年轻抢走了。
2. Who is the most popular singing star at the moment? 谁是当今最流行的歌星?
the most popular是形容词popular的最高级形式。popular是一个多音节的形容词,多音节形容词的最高级形式不是在其后面加est,而是在其前加most。如:interesting-most interesting,beautiful—beautiful等。
at the moment意为“此刻、现在、目前”。如:
The number is busy at the moment. Try it again in five minutes.您拨打的号码现在忙,请五分钟后再试一次。
3. Maths is as interesting as English. 数学与英语一样有意思。
“as +原级+as…”结构用于两者间的平级比较,意为:“……和……一样”。如:Li Lei is as tall as Wu Ming.李雷与吴明一样高。它的否定形式为:not(so)as…as,意思为:……不如……。如: Han Mei is not as hard-working as Wei Hua. 韩梅不如魏华用功。
4. One afternoon in April 1912, a new ship set off from England to American on its first trip.1912年四月的一个下午,一艘新船从英国出发,开始了去美国的首次航行。
1) set off是“出发”的意思,同义词组为“set out”。如:
She set off for Japan to take part in the World Table Tennis Competition last week. 她上星期去日本参加世界乒乓球比赛。
2) from…to…“从……到……”,它可以修饰地点,如此句中from England to American从英国到美国;也可以修饰时间,如:
Every day he reads from 8 to 11 in the morning, writes from 2 to 5 in the afternoon, watches TV from 7 to 10 at night and then goes to bed. 他每天上午从八点到十一点看书,下午从两点到五点写作,晚上从七点到十点看电视,然后去睡觉。
3) trip(旅行)是名词,它的动词形式为:travel。
5. Please make room for me. 请给我让出点地方来。
make room for somebody / something 意思是“给某人/某物让出空地方”。room在这里是“空间,地方”的意思,是不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词a,“一点儿地方”为a little room,“足够的地方”为enough room。如:
There’s no room here. Let’s go to other place. 这儿没地方了,咱们去别的地方吧。
Please move along and make room for me.请动一动给我让点地方。
Can you make room on that shelf for some more books? 你能在那个书架腾出点地方多放几本书吗?
6. She got out and the thankful mother joined her children in the lifeboat. 她下了船,心怀感激的母亲和她救生船上的孩子来在了一起。
thankful是形容词,它是由名词thank加后缀ful构成的,我们把此类词称为派生词。如:help-helpful,use-useful等。
7. More than 1500 people lost their lives. 有一千五百多人丧生。
1) more than意思是“多于……”,它的反义词组是:less than“少于……”。如:
More than three hundred people took part in the sports meeting yesterday. 昨天有三百多人参加了运动会。
Five is less than six. 五比六少。
2)lose one’s life意思是“献出生命、丧生、死去”。同义词是die。如:
Many people lost their lives in the war. 战争中很多人丧生。
8. Now I’m writing to you to ask for sick leave.现在我给你写信请病假。
1)write to意思是“给……写信”。如:
Please write to me when you get to London. 你到伦敦后请给我写信。
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2) ask for“请求”,ask for sick leave是“请病假”,leave在本句中是名词。另外,“请……天假”也可以用ask for…off来表示。如:
She asked for sick leave yesterday. 昨天她请了病假。
I'm going to ask for a day off tomorrow. 明天我打算请一天假。
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