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高二英语Units 3-4 (B2)学案,
如:
The milk smells as if it is sour.
四、语法复习
过去分词作复合宾语
在英语中，有些动词只带一个宾语，句子意思还很不完整，须另带一部分说明宾语的情况或状态，我们就把这一部分叫做宾语补足语，或复合宾语。
如：
In the morning people work up and found the world outside their houses completely changed.
Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there was no electricity.
There famous parks in and around London had over 1,400 trees blown down.
过去分词作宾补小结：
1．后接过去分词作宾补的词：
（1）表感知的动词：see, watch, find, observe, notice, hear, feel, taste, smell, etc.
如：
I heard the song sung in the next room.
He found himself inspired by Japanese seashells
（2）表使役的动词：have, make, get etc.
如：
Every great culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty expressed in art and architecture.
We should work harder to get the work done on time.
（3）表想法、愿望的动词: want, should, like, would like, etc.
如：
They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
I’d like Lucy invested, too.
（4）表某种状态的词：keep, leave, etc.
如：
When you were out, you should keep the lights turned off.
It is had manners if he left the door broken after he broke it.
2．过去分词作宾补与其他非谓语动词作宾补的区别：
（1）及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，表示被动，说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者；而不定式,-ing形式作宾补时,表主动,说明宾语是补足语动作的执行者。
如：
We have our classroom cleaned every day. （classroom和clean之间是逻辑上的被动关系）
The teacher will have Lucy clean the classroom today. （Lucy 和clean 之间是逻辑上的主动关系）
（2）不及物动词作宾补时，表动作完成，说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前；不定式作宾补时，一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生，但动词 see, watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,smell,taste
后的不定式作宾补时（不定式的 to 省略），表示不定式的全过程；而-ing 形式作宾补是、表示动作正在发生。
如：
When I got home, I found the necklace gone.（“丢”这一动作已完成）
I heard Jim sing the song.（我听见唱的全过程）
When I got there, I saw Mary reading an English novel.（“读”这一动作正在进行）
过去分词作状语
过去分词从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1．表时间
Viewed from a distance, the island looks like a cloud. (=When it was viewed from a distance,
…)
Once published, his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
(=Once his work was published,…)
2．表原因
Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the company
3．表条件
Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.
Seen from the top, it looks as if stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.
4．表方式或伴随
He walked up and down, lost in thought.
Surrounded by a host of fans, the movie star left the airport excited.
除了直接修饰动词之外，过去分词或短语也可以和连词组成短语，表示以上四种意思：
1．由 when, while, whenever, until等连词引导，表示“时间”。
如：
When (he is) asked about the secret of his success, he owes much of his success and
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